Benzos, Downers
The most common benzodiazepines are the prescription drugs Valium ® , Xanax ® , Halcion ® , Ativan ® ,and Klonopin ® .Tolerance can develop, although at variable rates and to different degrees. Shorter-acting benzodiazepines used to manage insomnia include estazolam (ProSom ® ), flurazepam(Dalmane ® ),temazepam (Restoril ® ), and triazolam (Halcion ® ). Midazolam (Versed ® ), a short-acting benzodiazepine, is utilized for sedation, anxiety, and amnesia in critical care settings and prior to anesthesia. It is available in the United States as an injectable preparation and as a syrup (primarily for pediatric patients). Benzodiazepines with a longer duration of action are utilized to treat insomnia in patients with daytime anxiety. These benzodiazepines include alprazolam (Xanax ® ), chlordiazepoxide(Librium ® ), clorazepate (Tranxene ® ), diazepam (Valium ® ), halazepam (Paxipam ® ), lorzepam (Ativan ® ), oxazepam (Serax ® ), prazepam (Centrax ® ), and quazepam (Doral ® ).Clonazepam (Klonopin ® ),diazepam, and clorazepate are also used as anticonvulsants.
Abuse is frequently associated with adolescents and young adults who take the drug orally or crush it up and snort it to get high. Abuse is particularly high among heroin and cocaine abusers.
Benzodiazepines are associated with amnesia, hostility, irritability, and vivid or disturbing dreams.
Benzodiazepines slow down the central nervous system and may cause sleepiness.
Alcohol, barbiturates, sleeping pills, and GHB
Benzodiazepines are only legally available through prescription. Many abusers maintain their drug supply by getting prescriptions from several doctors, forging prescriptions, or buying them illicitly. Alprazolam and diazepam are the two most frequently encountered benzodiazepines on the illicit market.
Barbs, Benzos, Downers, Georgia Home Boy, GHB, Grievous Bodily Harm, Liquid X, Nerve Pills, Phennies, R2, Reds, Roofies, Rophies, Tranks, Yellows
Depressants come in the form of pills, syrups, and injectable liquids.
Individuals abuse depressants to experience euphoria. Depressants are also used with other drugs to add to the other drugs’ high or to deal with their side effects. Abusers take higher doses than people taking the drugs under a doctor’s supervision for therapeutic purposes. Depressants like GHB and Rohypnol ® are also misused to facilitate sexual assault.
Depressants used therapeutically do what they are prescribed for to put you to sleep, relieve anxiety and muscle spasms, and prevent seizures. They also: cause amnesia, leaving no memory of events that occur while under the influence, reduce your reaction time, impair mental functioning and judgment, and cause confusion. Long-term use of depressants produces psychological dependence and tolerance.
Some depressants can relax the muscles. Unwanted physical effects include slurred speech, loss of motor coordination, weakness, headache, light headedness, blurred vision, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, and slowed breathing. Prolonged use of depressants can lead to physical dependence even at doses recommended for medical treatment. Unlike barbiturates, large doses of benzodiazepines are rarely fatal unless combined with other drugs or alcohol. But unlike the withdrawal syndrome seen with most other drugs of abuse, withdrawal from depressants can be life threatening.
Some antipsychotics, antihistamines, and antidepressants produce sedative effects. Alcohol’s effects are similar to those of depressants.
High doses of depressants or use of them with alcohol or other drugs can slow heart rate and breathing enough to cause death.